Travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review.

To systematically search the scientific literature concerning the influence of playing a wind instrument on tooth position and/or facial morphology.
The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up to September 2019. Orthodontic journals were hand searched and grey literature was sought via Google Scholar. Observational studies and (randomized) controlled clinical trials that assessed tooth position and/or facial morphology by profile cephalograms, dental casts or clinical examination were included. The potential risk of bias was assessed. Data from wind instrument players and controls were extracted. Descriptive analysis and meta-analysis were performed.
In total, 10 eligible studies with a cross-sectional (n = 7) or longitudinal design (n = 3) and an estimated low to serious risk of bias were included. Sample sizes ranged from 36 to 170 participants, varying from children to professional musicians. Descriptive analysis indicated that adults playing a single-reed instrument may have a larger overjet than controls. Playing a brass instrument might be associated with an increase in maxillary and mandibular intermolar width among children. Longitudinal data showed less increase in anterior facial height among brass and single-reed players between the age of 6 and 15. Children playing a wind instrument showed thicker lips than controls. Meta-analysis revealed that after a follow-up of 6 months to 3 years, children playing brass instruments had a significant reduction in overjet as compared to controls. The magnitude of the effect was of questionable clinical relevance and the generalizability was limited.
Playing a wind instrument can influence tooth position and facial morphology in both children and adults. Aspects that stand out are overjet, arch width, facial divergence/convergence and lip thickness. However, evidence was sparse and the strength of the premise emerging from this review was graded to be "very low".
Systematische Suche nach wissenschaftlicher Literatur zum Einfluss des Spielens eines Blasinstruments auf die Zahnstellung und/oder die Gesichtsmorphologie.
Die Datenbanken PubMed, Embase und Cochrane wurden bis September 2019 durchsucht. Darüber hinaus wurden die wichtigsten kieferorthopädischen Zeitschriften per Hand und Google Scholar nach grauer Literatur durchsucht. Thematisch passende Studien wurden kritisch beurteilt und analysiert. Beobachtungsstudien und (randomisierte) kontrollierte klinische Studien, in denen die Zahnstellung und/oder die Gesichtsmorphologie anhand von Fernröntgenseitbild, Kiefermodellen bzw. klinischer Untersuchung beurteilt wurden, wurden einbezogen. Das potenzielle Bias-Risiko wurde bewertet. Daten von Blasinstrumentenspielern und Kontrollen wurden extrahiert, sowohl eine deskriptive Analyse als auch eine Metaanalyse wurden durchgeführt.
Die Suche führte zu 10 geeigneten Studien, 7 Querschnitts- und 3 Längsschnittstudien mit einem geschätzten geringem bis erheblichem Bias-Risiko. Die Fallzahl reichte von 36 bis 170 Teilnehmern und die Merkmale der Studiengruppe variierten von Kindern bis hin zu professionellen Musikern. Die deskriptive Analyse zeigte, dass Erwachsene, die Einzelrohrblattinstrumente spielen, einen größeren Overjet haben können als Kontrollen. Das Spielen eines Blechblasinstruments steht bei Kindern möglicherweise in Zusammenhang mit einer Zunahme der intermolaren Breite im Ober- und Unterkiefer. Langzeitdaten zeigten eine geringere Zunahme der anterioren Gesichtshöhe bei Blechbläsern und Einzelrohrblattspielern im Alter zwischen 6 und 15 Jahren. Kinder, die ein Blasinstrument spielen, hatten im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen vollere Lippen. Die Metaanalyse zeigte, dass Kinder, die ein Blasinstrument spielen, bei einer Nachuntersuchungsdauer von 6 Monaten bis 3 Jahren eine signifikante Verkleinerung des Overjet im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen hatten. Das Ausmaß des Effekts war von fraglicher klinischer Relevanz, und die Generalisierbarkeit war begrenzt.
Das Spielen eines Blasinstruments kann Zahnstellung und Gesichtsmorphologie bei Kindern und bei Erwachsenen beeinflussen. Hervorzuheben sind hierbei Overjet, Kieferbogenbreite, faziale Divergenz/Konvergenz und Lippendicke. Allerdings war die Evidenz spärlich und die Stärke der aus dieser Untersuchung hervorgehenden Prämisse wurde als „sehr gering“ eingestuft.

Does playing a wind instrument influence tooth position and facial morphology? : Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread worldwide. Integrated Chinese and Western medicine have had some successes in treating COVID-19.
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three traditional Chinese medicine drugs and three herbal formulas (3-drugs-3-formulas) in patients with COVID-19.
Relevant studies were identified from 12 electronic databases searched from their establishment to April 7, 2022.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs and cohort studies that evaluated the effects of 3-drugs-3-formulas for COVID-19. The treatment group was treated with one of the 3-drugs-3-formulas plus conventional treatment. The control group was treated with conventional treatment.
Two evaluators screened and selected literature independently, then extracted basic information and assessed risk of bias. The treatment outcome measures were duration of main symptoms, hospitalization time, aggravation rate and mortality. RevMan 5.4 was used to analyze the pooled results reported as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous data and risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI for dichotomous data.
Forty-one studies with a total of 13,260 participants were identified. Our analysis suggests that compared with conventional treatment, the combination of 3-drugs-3-formulas might shorten duration of fever (MD = -1.39; 95% CI: -2.19 to -0.59; P < 0.05), cough (MD = -1.57; 95% CI: -2.16 to -0.98; P < 0.05) and fatigue (MD = -1.36; 95% CI: -2.21 to -0.51; P < 0.05), decrease length of hospital stay (MD = -2.62; 95% CI -3.52 to -1.72; P < 0.05), the time for nucleic acid conversion (MD = -2.92; 95% CI: -4.26 to -1.59; P < 0.05), aggravation rate (RR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.64; P < 0.05) and mortality (RR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.62; P < 0.05), and increase the recovery rate of chest computerized tomography manifestations (RR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.3; P < 0.05) and total effectiveness (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.42; P < 0.05).
The 3-drugs-3-formulas can play an active role in treating all stages of COVID-19. No severe adverse events related to 3-drugs-3-formulas were observed. Hence, 3-drugs-3-formulas combined with conventional therapies have effective therapeutic value for COVID-19 patients. Further long-term high-quality studies are essential to demonstrate the clinical benefits of each formula. Please cite this article as: You LZ, Dai QQ, Zhong XY, Yu DD, Cui HR, Kong YF, Zhao MZ, Zhang XY, Xu QQ, Guan ZY, Wei XX, Zhang XC, Han SJ, Liu WJ, Chen Z, Zhang XY, Zhao C, Jin YH, Shang HC. Clinical evidence of three traditional Chinese medicine drugs and three herbal formulas for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Chinese population. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 441-454.

Clinical evidence of three traditional Chinese medicine drugs and three herbal formulas for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Chinese population.

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies on the association between occupational exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM).
We conducted a systematic search of the literature, and identified 18 relevant publications, from which we extracted results from seven non-overlapping studies of NHL and three of MM. We performed random-effects meta-analyses for ever-exposure to glyphosate, dose-response, and risk of specific NHL subtypes.
The meta-relative risk (RR) of NHL was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-1.21), that of MM was 1.04 (95% CI 0.67-1.41). The meta-RR of NHL for highest category of exposure was 1.49 (95% CI 0.37-2.61; 3 studies). The meta-RR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was 1.31 (95% CI 0.93-1.75); that for follicular lymphoma was 0.82 (95% CI 0.93-1.70), and that for chronic lymphocytic leukemia was 0.85 (95% CI 0.20-1.49). There was indication of publication bias for studies on NHL.
Our meta-analysis provided no overall evidence of an increased risk for both NHL and MM in subjects occupationally exposed to glyphosate. In secondary analyses we detected a small increase in risk for the category with highest level of exposure as well as for DLBCL. The evidence of publication bias suggests caution in the interpretation of the results.
Sono state condotte una revisione sistematica e una meta-analisi degli studi epidemiologici sull’associazione tra esposizione professionale a glifosato e rischio di linfoma non Hodgkin (NHL) e mieloma multiplo (MM).
È stata effettuata una ricerca sistematica della letteratura che ha portato all’identificazione di 18 pubblicazioni rilevanti, da cui sono stati estratti i risultati di sette studi indipendenti sul NHL e tre sul MM. È stata effettuata una meta-analisi con modello ad effetti casuali per esposizione a glifosato, inclusi i risultati su dose-risposta e su sottotipi specifici di NHL.
Il rischio relativo (RR) della meta-analisi per NHL è risultato pari a 1,03 (intervallo di confidenza al 95% [CI] 0,86-1,21), e quello per MM pari a 1,04 (IC al 95% 0,67-1,41). Il RR per NHL nella più alta categoria di esposizione è risultato pari a 1,49 (IC 95% 0,37-2,61; 3 studi). Il RR per linfoma diffuso a grandi cellule B (DLBCL) è risultato pari a 1,31 (IC 95% 0,93-1,75); quello per il linfoma follicolare pari a 0,82 (IC 95% 0,93-1,70) e quello per la leucemia linfatica cronica pari a 0,85 (IC 95% 0,20-1,49). Si è riscontrata un’indicazione di bias di pubblicazione negli studi su NHL.
In generale, questa meta-analisi non ha fornito la prova di un aumento del rischio sia per NHL che per MM in soggetti esposti professionalmente a glifosato. In analisi secondarie è stato evidenziato un leggero aumento del rischio per la categoria con il più alto livello di esposizione e per DLBCL. L’evidenza di un bias di pubblicazione suggerisce cautela nell’interpretazione dei risultati.

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