Increased weight suppression, the difference between an individual's highest and current weight at present height, predicts binge eating among eating disorder samples. Less is known about this relationship in non-clinical samples of individuals with a history of higher weight.
Lifetime highest BMI was tested as a moderator of the relationship between weight suppression and binge eating in three independent samples (N = 1740).
At the bivariate level, weight suppression was not associated with binge eating in any sample (p's ≥ 0.20). Lifetime highest BMI moderated the relationship between weight suppression and binge eating in Sample 1 (p = .04), such that greater weight suppression was associated with lower binge eating among those with a history of higher weight (i.e., BMI = 40 kg/m
Findings highlight the importance of investigating the generalizability of eating disorder risk and maintenance theories across the weight spectrum. Weight loss may not increase risk for binge eating among those with a history of higher weight. Future work should replicate and extend this finding using longitudinal designs. More research is needed to elucidate which weight loss motivations and/or behaviors are most closely linked to binge eating.

Testing replicability of the relationship between weight suppression and binge eating in three non-clinical samples varying in lifetime weight history.

Bulimia Nervosa is a disorder with high rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidity and substantial societal costs. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is considered the preferred treatment, but access can be problematic. Pharmacotherapy is more accessible but remains significantly underutilised. We aimed to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of all available forms of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists of relevant articles up until April 2023. The primary outcomes were remission and binge frequency. 52 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 3313 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, no significant difference was observed between drugs and placebo in terms of remission; however, the available data were limited. Notably, drugs, particularly antidepressants, demonstrated a significant reduction in the frequency of binge episodes compared to placebo. Antidepressants were also found to be more effective than placebo in terms of treatment response and other clinically meaningful outcomes. An important limitation is that few RCTs were available for individual drugs. Our findings provide evidence supporting the increased utilisation of pharmacotherapy in clinical practice and underscore the need for further research involving larger populations and a broader range of outcomes.

Pharmacotherapy compared to placebo for people with Bulimia Nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A rise of endogenous oxytocin (OT) is associated with anxiety and meal size reduction, and the effects of intranasal OT (INOT) have been examined in the management of food intake and craving. However, the discrepancy INOT effects in different disease populations are not entirely clear.
Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. By systematically searching the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, we obtained 12 controlled trials. We performed meta-analyses to examine food intake, craving, anxiety or stress reduction on INOT administration, using standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a random-effects model.
This study examined 12 trials with 266 non-psychiatric and 157 psychiatric participants. The pooled results showed that single-dose INOT induced a significant lesser food intake in non-psychiatric subjects (SMD: -0.66 [95% CI: -1.18, -0.14]), but no effects was found in anorexia nervosa (AN) (SMD: 0.17 [95% CI: -0.32, 0.66]), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) (SMD: -0.41 [95% CI: -0.94, 0.11]), and schizophrenia (SMD: 0.04 [95% CI: -0.94, 1.02] subjects. Further analysis on leisure food also indicated an inhibition of consumption of chocolate biscuits in non-psychiatric subjects. Neither the non-psychiatric (SMD: -0.08 [95% CI: -0.50, 0.33]) nor the BN and BED (SMD: -0.08 [95% CI: -0.72, 0.88]) and schizophrenia subjects (SMD: -0.07 [95% CI: -1.05, 0.91]) demonstrated a difference in food craving or hunger compared with placebo. Anxiety or stress level was not influenced by INOT in any subgroup (non-psychiatric, SMD: 0.19 [95% CI: -0.22, 0.60]; AN, SMD: -0.01 [95% CI: -0.28, 0.88]; BN and BED: SMD: 0.00 [95% CI: -0.80, 0.80]).
Single-dose INOT significantly reduces food intake in nonpsychiatric subjects, and further studies are necessary to assess the long-term effects and safety in obese patients. Whether INOT could be a treatment option for patients with eating disorders remains to be investigated.

Effects of intranasal oxytocin in food intake and craving: A meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Eating disorders occur in diverse populations, and discrimination may be a specific factor that is related to higher eating disorder psychopathology among marginalized individuals. To evaluate the current evidence on this topic, a meta-analysis was used to quantitatively synthesize the literature on discrimination and eating disorder psychopathology across a heterogeneous range of studies. Searches were conducted in peer-reviewed journals and accessible unpublished dissertations of all years through January 2020. Studies were coded by two authors using a tailored coding form, and zero-order bivariate correlations were used as effect size measures. There were 55 cross-sectional studies extracted for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results showed a small-to-medium association between discrimination and eating disorder psychopathology that was consistent across domains. Effect sizes were typically higher for weight discrimination. For binge eating and general eating disorder pathology, effects were smaller in studies that had larger proportions of women, and for binge eating only, effects were higher in college samples. These findings could suggest that discrimination represents a contributory factor related to eating disorder psychopathology across types of discrimination and eating disorder psychopathology. Implications are discussed for future research on discrimination and psychopathology including possible mechanisms.

Discrimination and Eating Disorder Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis.

Patients in the postoperative period following bariatric surgery are at risk of developing eating disorders. This study aims to analyze the relation between bariatric surgery and the development and recurrence of eating disorders.
A literature review was carried out on 15 November 2020. Fourteen studies that met the eligibility criteria were included for qualitative synthesis, and 7 studies for meta-analysis.
The prevalence of eating disorders in the postoperative period was 7.83%, based on the 7 studies in the meta-analysis. Binge eating disorder alone was 3.81%, which was the most significant factor, and addressed in 6 of these studies.
The investigated studies have significant methodological limitations in assessing the relation between bariatric surgery and eating disorders, since they mostly present data on prevalence. PROSPERO CRD42019135614.

The Development of Feeding and Eating Disorders after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) granules associated with hormones when treating primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children.
Search online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), China VIP Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) to search for information on the use of hormone-related Chinese medicine granules in the treatment of children with PNS controlled trials. Retrieval time was limited to the period from the date the database was established to the present. Separately, two researchers gathered the data. Statistical software RevMan5.4 was adopted to estimate bias risk in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook 5.3 standard.
Finally, 7 articles were selected with a total sample size of 487 cases. The infection rate, recurrence rate, and adverse reaction rate after treatment were analyzed by meta-analysis. The infection rate and recurrence rate in the study group were notably lower, and the difference was statistically significant (
Huai Qi Huang can reduce the recurrence rate of PNS children and the incidence of infection and the dosage of prednisone. A long-term application can improve the cellular and humoral immune function of children with PNS. It has high treatment safety and has no notable effect on plasma cholesterol levels, so it is suitable for clinical application.

Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Granules Associated with Hormone When Treating Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Children.

Distress tolerance (DT) has received increased attention in recent years due to its purported role in dysregulated behaviours and their clinical manifestations, such as problematic substance use (PSU), disordered eating behaviours (e.g., binge-eating and purging; DEB), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology. Despite the proposed transdiagnostic utility of DT across PSU, DEB, and BPD, there has yet to be a systematic and comprehensive examination characterising and comparing its association with this class of impulsive-type psychopathology.
A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases using search terms designed to capture extant literature on the association between DT and PSU, DEB, and BPD symptomatology. A series of meta-analyses were undertaken on correlation coefficients from 81 studies to examine the association between DT and each psychopathology domain, as well as impulsive-type psychopathology overall. Moderator analyses were conducted to examine whether these relationships were moderated by DT measurement type, sample type, age, and gender.
DT shared significant, negative, medium correlations with PSU (r = -.18,), DEB (r = -.20), and BPD symptomatology (r = -.27). The magnitude of these associations was not significantly different across the three psychopathology domains, supporting transdiagnostic conceptualisation. DT measurement type, age, and sample type moderated several of these indicated relationships.
The majority of studies were conducted in adult samples from Western countries, limiting understanding of these relationships across development and different cultures.
The present findings support the putative transdiagnostic role of DT across PSU, DEB, and BPD, which may ultimately inform novel, cross-cutting interventions.

Distress tolerance across substance use, eating, and borderline personality disorders: A meta-analysis.

Research suggests that electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use is associated with other substance use in adolescents; however, the magnitude of this association and whether this differs between adolescents and adults is not yet well understood. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the extent to which ENDS use is associated with alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents and to compare the odds across adolescent samples and a comparison group of adult samples. A comprehensive literature review was conducted examining the relationship between ENDS use and alcohol (adolescent k = 40 from 19 independent studies; adult k = 35 from 12 independent studies) and marijuana (adolescent k = 24 from 14 independent studies; adult k = 6 from 3 independent studies) use. Adolescents who use ENDS had greater odds of reporting co-occurring alcohol use (OR = 4.50, p < .001), particularly binge drinking (OR = 4.51), and marijuana use (OR = 6.04, p < .001) than adolescent who did not use ENDS. Adults who use ENDS were also more likely to use alcohol (OR = 1.57, p < .001) and marijuana (OR = 2.04, p < .001) than those who did not use ENDS. ENDS use was associated with significantly greater odds of alcohol use (log odds ratio; LOR = 0.96 (OR = 2.61), p < .001) and a trend of greater marijuana use (LOR = 0.93 (OR = 2.53), p = 0.08) in adolescents than in adults. Effects were large in adolescents and small in adults. Findings suggest that ENDS use should be assessed in adolescents in both research and clinical settings. Importantly, ENDS use is strongly associated with co-occurring alcohol or marijuana use in adolescents.

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