Premonitory urge (PU) is an aversive bodily sensation that signals the onset of tic disorder.To our knowledge, PU typically precedes the appearance of tic symptoms, and both age and tic severity are correlated with PU. However, inconsistent findings have also been reported. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship among premonitory symptoms, patient age and the severity of tic symptoms, as well as to summarize the research on the neural underpinnings of PU in Tourette syndrome (TS).
We conducted a literature search of relevant studies published between December 2005 and April 2022 using databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Our analysis was carried out using R software with the assistance of the "meta" and "metafor" packages.
Our meta-analysis included 22 studies with a total of 1236 tic disorder patients. The mean Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) score was 20.17, with a 95% confidence interval of [18.14, 21.68]. Through meta-regression, we found that age and tic severity play important moderating roles in PU severity (
Our meta-analysis confirmed the positive relationship between the severity of tics and PU and identified age as a significant factor influencing PU. The neural mechanisms underlying PU remain largely unknown, but evidence suggests that the insula, PFC, ACC, and SMA are related regions.

The Severity and Neural Correlates of Premonitory Urge in Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To review the temporal trends in the published literature of the surgical management of Wilms tumor (WT) relative to surgical modality and authorship by surgeon specialty (pediatric urology [PU] vs pediatric surgery [PS]).
The MEDLINE/PubMed database was queried for manuscripts published by PU or PS including operative management of WT from 1993-2017. After manuscript review, 187 of 2420 studies were included. Studies were compared by author specialty, country of origin, and represented patients.
PU published 32% of included publications. The proportion of first author publications by PU increased over time (25% from 1993-2005 to 39% from 2006-2017, P = .029). While PU were first author on 44% of studies in North America, they were relatively underrepresented internationally. PU and PS were equally likely to be first author on cooperative group studies, which accounted for 19% of the overall publications. 14,958 patients underwent extirpative surgery for WT. There was a small increase in publications reporting the use of minimally-invasive surgery (MIS) and nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) over time (<1% and 4% from 1993-2005 to 2% and 7% from 2006-2017, respectively, P <.001). Compared to PS, PU were significantly more likely to publish on patients managed with MIS and NSS (P = .006 and P < 0.001 respectively).
Publications by PU on the surgical management of WT are increasing over time, but are still fewer than PS. PU appeared to be the drivers of the temporal trend towards the increasing use of MIS and NSS in the published literature.

International Publication Patterns on Operative Management of Wilms Tumor: A Review by Surgeon Specialty and Surgical Modality.

The purpose was to identify and summarize the existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of the topical application of olive oil for preventing pressure ulcers (PUs). We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients at risk of developing PUs, testing the topical application of olive oil versus other products for PU prevention. We assessed the risk of bias using the RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of the evidence with GRADE. Four RCTs met the eligibility criteria. All studies were judged at a low risk of bias overall. The meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficacy of olive oil for prevention occurs by reducing the incidence of PUs (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.79, 

Efficacy and Safety of Topical Application of Olive Oil for Preventing Pressure Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Childhood visual impairment has a significant effect on social life, educational performance, and professional choices, and can lead to poverty.
To review the prevalence and causes of visual impairment among children aged 5-17 years in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).
This study was conducted in 2021 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and Medline for studies published between January 2000 and April 2020. The articles included were epidemiological studies of prevalence and causes of childhood visual impairment published in peer-reviewed journals.
Of the 12 705 articles screened, 23 from 9 countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected childhood visual impairment was 11.57%, 8.34% and 1.21%, respectively. The most common causes of childhood visual impairment were refractive error (51.89%), amblyopia (11.15%), retinal disorders (3.90%), corneal opacity (3.0%), and cataract (1.88%). There was a highly significant heterogeneity between the studies (P < 0.0001).
The prevalence of visual impairment among children in the EMR was high, and the leading causes were uncorrected refractive error and amblyopia, which were avoidable. Access to eyecare services may help improve early diagnosis and treatment of preventable causes of childhood visual impairment.
استعراض منهجي وتحليل تَلَوي لضعف البصر في مرحلة الطفولة في إقليم شرق المتوسط. سيف الرشيد.
لضعف البصر في مرحلة الطفولة تأثيرٌ كبيرٌ على الحياة الاجتماعية، والأداء التعليمي، والخيارات المهنية، وقد يؤدي ذلك إلى الفقر.
هدفت هذه الدراسة الى مراجعة معدل انتشار ضعف البصر وأسبابه لدى الأطفال الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 5 و17 عامًا في إقليم شرق المتوسط.
أُجريت الدراسة في عام 2021 باستخدام بنود التبليغ المفضلة للاستعراضات المنهجية والتحليلات التلوية (PRISMA). وبحثنا في كلٍّ من Google Scholar، وPubMed، وWeb of Science، وScopus، والفهرس الطبي لإقليم شرق المتوسط، وقاعدة بيانات مدلاين (Medline)، للاطلاع على الدراسات التي نُشرت في الفترة بين يناير/ كانون الثاني 2000 وأبريل/ نيسان 2020. وشملت المقالات المُدرَجة دراسات وبائية نُشرت في مجلات طبية خاضعة لاستعراض الأقران، عن معدل انتشار ضعف البصر وأسبابه في مرحلة الطفولة.
من بين المقالات التي دُرست والبالغ عددها 12705 مقالا استوفت 23 مقالةً من 9 بلدان معايير الإدراج. وقد بلغ معدل الانتشار المُجمَّع لضعف البصر غير المُصحَّح، والماثل، والمُصحَّح على أفضل وجه 11.57٪، و8.34٪، و1.21٪، على التوالي. وكانت أكثر الأسباب شيوعًا لضعف البصر في مرحلة الطفولة هي الخطأ الانكساري (51.89٪)، والغمش (11.15٪) واضطرابات الشبكية (3.90٪)، وعتامة القرنية (3.0٪)، والسادّ (1.88٪). وتب يََّّنَ وجود تبايُن كبير بين الدراسات (القيمة الاحتمالية < 0.0001).
كان معدل انتشار ضعف البصر مرتفعًا بين الأطفال في إقليم شرق المتوسط، وتمثلت الأسباب الرئيسية وراء ذلك في الخطأ الانكساري، والغمش، اللذين يمكن الوقاية منهما. ومن شأن الحصول على خدمات رعاية العيون أن تُُحسِّن التشخيص المبكر وعلاج الأسباب التي يمكن الوقاية منها لضعف البصر في مرحلة الطفولة.
Analyse systématique et méta-analyse des déficiences visuelles chez les enfants dans la Région de la Méditerranée orientale.
La déficience visuelle chez les enfants a un effet significatif sur la vie sociale, les résultats scolaires et les choix professionnels, et peut mener à la pauvreté.
Examiner la prévalence et les causes des déficiences visuelles chez les enfants âgés de 5 à 17 ans dans la Région de la Méditerranée orientale.
L'étude a été menée en 2021 à l'aide des directives PRISMA (Éléments de notification préférés à des fins d'examens et de méta-analyse systématique). Nous avons recherché les études publiées entre janvier 2000 et avril 2020 dans Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Index Medicus pour la Région de la Méditerranée orientale et Medline. Les articles retenus étaient des études épidémiologiques sur la prévalence et les causes de la déficience visuelle chez les enfants, publiées dans des revues à comité de lecture.
Sur les 12 705 articles examinés, 23 provenant de neuf pays répondaient aux critères d'inclusion. La prévalence globale des déficiences visuelles infantiles non corrigées, détectées et les mieux corrigées était respectivement de 11,57 %, 8,34 %, et 1,21 %. Les causes les plus fréquentes de déficience visuelle infantile étaient le vice de réfraction (51,89 %), l'amblyopie (11,15 %), les troubles de la rétine (3,90 %), l'opacité cornéenne (3,0 %) et la cataracte (1,88 %). L'hétérogénéité entre les études était très significative (p < 0,0001).
La prévalence des déficiences visuelles chez les enfants dans la Région de la Méditerranée orientale était élevée et les principales causes étaient le vice de réfraction non corrigé et l'amblyopie, qui auraient pu être évités L'accès aux services de soins oculaires peut contribuer à améliorer le diagnostic et le traitement précoces des causes évitables de déficience visuelle chez l'enfant.

Papers