Photoperiod affects poultry reproduction, and in birds, photoperiod regulation is a complex physiological process. In modern poultry production, lighting management has become an important and effective management approach for increasing egg production. Geese are domesticated fowl and in many goose production enterprises animals are allowed to roam in outside pens during the day and are housed indoors at night, so the animals can be exposed to artificial lighting during the night periods. Supplementary artificial lighting resulted in improved reproduction in some studies, but reports have been inconsistent. To evaluate the results from previous studies of supplementary lighting on goose egg production, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine optimal supplementary artificial lighting regimens for geese egg production. Results indicated supplementary artificial light increases mean egg production, the length of the period of egg production before there is cessation of egg production capacity, and fertility. In summary, there were evaluations of data from five studies focused on White Roman geese in the meta-analysis conducted in the present study, however, examination of more breeds is necessary to make more definitive assessments of the findings from this meta-analysis.

Meta-analysis: Supplementary artificial light and goose reproduction.

The efficacy of dapagliflozin remains controversial for patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We conduct this meta-analysis to explore the influence of dapagliflozin versus placebo on the treatment efficacy of type 2 diabetes complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through November 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of dapagliflozin versus placebo for type 2 diabetes complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.
Four RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dapagliflozin treatment is associated with significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT, standard mean difference [SMD]=-1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">=-1.60 to -0.95; P<0.00001), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST, SMD=-1.37; 95% CI=-2.08 to -0.65; P=0.0002), fasting glucose (SMD=-0.78; 95% CI=-1.28 to -0.27; P=0.003) and HbA1c (SMD=-0.77; 95% CI=-1.21 to -0.34; P=0.0005), but demonstrated no obvious influence on homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR, SMD=-0.36; 95% CI=-0.86 to 0.14; P=0.16).
Dapagliflozin benefits to improve hepatic function and glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as evidenced by the reduction in ALT, AST, fasting glucose and HbA1c.

Therapeutic outcome of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

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