Objective Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs) are important selenoproteins that play a key role in the bone and joint diseases. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease especially in elders. This bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore the role of DIOs in OA pathogenesis. Methods The biological functions of selenoprotein DIOs were analyzed by bioinformatic techniques, including GenCLip 3.0, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), STRING, Cytoscape, and Network Analyst. The expression of DIOs in the healthy individuals and OA patients was determined by mining OA-related microarray data in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database of National Center for Biotechnology Information and performing a Meta-analysis of the data with Review Manager 5.3. Results Cluster analysis revealed that the function of the DIOs was associated with thyroid hormone receptor and iodothyronine; GO analysis showed that DIOs were mainly involved in biological processes, such as ethanol metabolism and phenol-containing compound metabolism and primarily involved in the cytochrome P450 metabolism of exogenous organisms and thyroid hormone signaling; SULT1A1 was the core node of the PPI network; miRNAs and thyroid hormones had some iterations with 

Biological Functions of Selenoprotein Iodothyronine Deiodinase and its Expression in Osteoarthritis.

Steroid estrogens (SEs) accumulate in agro-food systems through wastewater treatment and dairy manure, but very little is known about their potential impact on plants and dietary risk to human health. We conducted a meta-analysis to address key questions including, how plants respond to SEs under different environmental conditions, what is the accumulation potential of SEs in distinct plant families, and associated daily dietary intake risks to humans. Based on 517 endpoints, we revealed that various crop species show a heterogeneous response to SEs types (n = 140), SEs concentrations (n = 141), and exposure medium (n = 166). A subsidy-stress response was observed in terms of SEs accumulation for plant growth. The bioaccumulation of SE in plants was shown to be greatest in sand, followed by soil, and hydroponic media. Plants exposed to SEs exhibit considerable changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics. Surprisingly, food crops such as carrot and potato were found as major source of SEs daily intake in food chain but their consequences remains largely unknown. Further field-oriented research is needed to unveil the threshold levels for SEs in soil-plant systems as it may pose a global threat to human health. The state of knowledge presented here may guide towards urgently needed future investigations in this field for reducing the risk in SEs in agro-food systems.

Estrogens in plants and emerging risks to human health.

Shenmai injection is frequently utilized in China to clinically treat granulocytopenia in oncology patients following chemotherapy. Despite this, the drug's therapeutic benefits remain a topic of contention, and its active components and potential treatment targets have yet to be established. The present study utilizes a network pharmacology approach to investigate the drug's active ingredients and possible therapeutic targets, and to evaluate the effectiveness of Shenmai injection in treating granulocytopenia through meta-analysis.
In our subject paper, we utilized the TCMID database to investigate the active ingredients present in red ginseng and ophiopogon japonicus. To further identify molecular targets, we employed SuperPred, as well as OMIM, Genecards, and DisGeNET databases. Our focus was on targets associated with granulocytopenia. The DAVID 6.8 database was utilized to perform gene ontology functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network was established. The resulting "drug-key component-potential target-core pathway" network was used to predict the mechanism of action of Shenmai injection in the treatment of granulocytopenia. In order to evaluate the quality of the studies included in our analysis, we utilized the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook. We then conducted a meta-analysis of the clinical curative effect of Shenmai injection for granulocytopenia, utilizing the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.3 software.
After conducting a thorough screening, the study identified 5 primary ingredients of Shenmai injection - ophiopogonoside a, β-patchoulene, ginsenoside rf, ginsenoside re, and ginsenoside rg1-that can potentially target 5 essential proteins: STAT3, TLR4, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and GRB2. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that Shenmai injection can be beneficial in treating granulocytopenia by interacting with pathways such as HIF-1 signaling, T-cell receptor signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, chemokine signaling, and FoxO signaling. The results of meta-analysis indicate that the treatment group exhibited superior performance in terms of both efficiency and post-treatment leukocyte count when compared to the control group.
In summary, studies in network pharmacology demonstrate that Shenmai injection exerts an impact on granulocytopenia via various components, targets, and mechanisms. Additionally, evidence-based studies provide strong support for the effectiveness of Shenmai injection in preventing and treating granulocytopenia.

Network analysis to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Shenmai injection in treating granulocytopenia and evidence-based medicine approach validation.

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