Efficacy of Modern Diabetes Treatments DPP-4i, SGLT-2i, and GLP-1RA in White and Asian Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Asian and white populations
SGLT-2i, GLP-1RA, DPP-4i
Placebo
HbA1c levels
Abstract
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes differs markedly by ethnicity. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of ethnicity on the glucose-lowering efficacy of the newer oral agents, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), using evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). A literature search was conducted in PubMed of all randomized, placebo-controlled trials of DPP-4i, SGLT-2i, and GLP-1RA. The search strategy was developed based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords. A total of 64 studies that qualified for meta-analysis after full-text review based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria-RCTs with at least 50 patients in each arm, >70% of population from Asian or white group, duration ≥24 weeks, and publication up to March 2019-were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data extraction was done for aggregated study-level data by two independent researchers. Absolute changes in HbA Change in HbA The study is based on summarized data and could not be separated based on East Asians and South Asians. The glucose-lowering efficacy of SGLT-2i, and to a lesser extent DPP-4i, was greater in studies of predominantly Asian ethnicity compared with studies of predominantly white ethnicity. There was no difference seen by ethnicity for GLP-1RA.